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Intro: While the pediatric population has largely remained free of severe COVID- 19, in some situations SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with complications like Multiple Inflammatory Syndrome in children (MIS-C). Recently, cases of hepatitis in children have caused tremendous worry across the globe, we describe a unique presentation from 2021, subsequent to asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2, a unique form of severe hepatitis designated by us as COVID-19 Associated Hepatitis in Children (CAH-C). The clinical presentations, temporal association, and viral parameters of CAH-C cases, and contrast to that of MIS-C cases are presented here. Method(s): As a retrospective and follow-up case-control study we reviewed all children within 14 years presenting with "sudden onset of hepatitis, elevated transaminases, non-obstructive jaundice. After performing all routine tests among them, those lacking marked inflammatory responses and without evidence of (a) other known causes of acute hepatitis (A-E) or previous underlying liver disease, and (b) multi-system involvement", being unique such cases were classified as CAH-C, and are described here. Finding(s): Among 475 children who tested positive, 37/47 cases had features of CAH-C, having symptoms of hepatitis only, with un-elevated inflammatory markers, 100% positivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and uneventful recovery. The remaining 10/47 having MIS-C had protracted illness, multiple system involvement, required admission to critical care, and a mortality rate of 30%. Among controls, only 26/50 (52%) had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Discussion(s): During the pandemic, various COVID-19 complications have been observed posing safety concerns, where our study identified a unique form of acute hepatitis in children designated as CAH-C. Conclusion(s): With the emergence of newer variants, including the Delta variant which predominated the second wave of infections in India and spread worldwide with changing presentations and complications, CAH-C is such new entity in children. It needs early identification and differentiation from other emerging syndromes during the ongoing pandemic for preventing adversities through timely intervention.Copyright © 2023
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Virtual digital assets including cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens and decentralized financial asset have been initially used as an alternative currency but are currently being purchased as an asset and hedging instruments. Exponentially growing trading volume witnesses the growing inclination of investors towards these assets, and this calls for volatility analysis of these assets. In this reference, the present study assessed and compared the volatility of returns from investment in virtual digital assets, equity and commodity market. Daily closing prices of selected cryptocurrencies, non-fungible tokens and decentralized financial assets, stock indices and commodities have been analysed forthe post-covid period. Since returns were observed to be heteroscedastic, autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models have been used to assess the volatility. The results indicate a low correlation of commodity investment with all other investment opportunities. Also, Tether and Dai have been observed to be negatively correlated with stock market. This indicates the possibility of minimizing risk through portfolio diversification. In terms of average returns, virtual digital assets are discerned to be better options than equity stock or commodity yet the variance scenario of these investment avenues is not very rosy. The volatility parameters reveal that unlike commodity market, virtual digital assets have got a significant impact of external shocks in the short-run. Further, the long run persistency of shocks is observed to be higher for the UK stock market, followed by Ethereum, Tether and Dai. The present analysis is crucial as the decision about its acceptance as legal tender money is still sub-judice in some countries. The results are expected to provide insight to regulatory bodies about these assets. © Author(s) 2022.
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Background and Study Aims: Materials and Methods: Results: Conclusions: In sports, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affected variables such as training, recovery or athletes' sleep quality, uncertainty about the future generating distress and anxiety in athletes. There are two cognitive purpose of the current study: knowledge about the subjectively experienced stress in martial arts athletes from selected Europe Union countries during the 4th wave of the pandemic;and knowledge of the likely of using coping strategies, and if so, with what frequency. Three hundred and forty-one competitive martial arts athletes from Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain were investigated (female n = 129, male n = 212). The athletes represented (according to division of the combat sports under forms of the direct confrontation): workings of weapons (fencing);hits (boxing, karate, kickboxing, Muay Thai, taekwondo);throws and grips of immobilisation of opponent's body (Brazilian jiu-jitsu, freestyle wrestling, judo) were investigated. In this paper we analyse workings of weapons and hits as conventional "striking combat sports” SCS (in consequence FSCS or MSCS – for female and male respectively), while throws and grips of immobilization of opponent's body as "grappling combat sports” GCS (FGCS and MGCS respectively). The Perception of Stress Questionnaire was used to measure intrapsychic stress, external stress and emotional tension in athletes, while through the Brief COPE questionnaire the frequency of use of 14 coping strategies was examined. The highest intrapsychic stress levels, during the 4th wave of the pandemic, were registered by Slovak athletes, external stress was the highest among Italian martial arts athletes, while the highest emotional tension levels were reported by Latvian athletes. The lowest values were observed in Lithuanian martial arts athletes, in all three stress dimensions. Also, martial arts athletes who have tested positive for COVID-19 reported significantly higher levels of stress and used (during the 4th wave) more frequent denial, behavioural disengagement and less frequent positive reframing (as coping strategies). Gender and type of sport-dependent strategies to deal with stress were discussed: FSCS group used less frequently emotion-focused coping strategies than male athletes from both MSCS and MGCS (apparently a surprising result), and with a higher frequency dysfunctional coping strategies. No important differences were found between the four investigated groups of athletes MGCS, MSCS, FGCS and FSCS) with respect to the problem-focused coping strategies. Martial arts (combat sports) athletes who have tested positive for COVID-19 reported significantly higher levels of intrapsychic stress, emotional tension and external stress, compared to athletes which reported that they have not suffered from COVID-19. Denial and behavioural disengagement (as dysfunctional coping strategies) were more frequent among athletes which reported that they were sick with COVID-19, while positive reframing was significantly less used. The research can be of interest for martial arts athletes, coaches, parents and sports psychologists seeking to promote the most effective strategies to deal with negative stress, if the pandemic will have long-term consequences for athletes' mental health and well-being. © ARCHIVES OF BUDO ;HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION.
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Background: In Wuhan, China, since December 2019, a new strain of pneumonia has appeared and spread quickly over the world. The World Health Organization determined that a separate strain of coronavirus, designated COVID-19, caused this pneumonia (WHO). This unique coronavirus was identified as acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 based on phylogeny, taxonomy, and accepted practise (SARS-COV2). Objective: a cross-sectional observational study to show the co-relation between inflammatory markers and the severity of disease Materials and Methods: a total of 250 patients were selected who are microbiologically covid positive and ready to give consent were included in the study. There basic test will be done. Result-There is preponderance of male gender among the patients 147 were male 103 were female. The mean age of participant is 43 ±2.825 (±6.57%)65 patient were immediately required the either oxygen or mechanical ventilation, among all this 26 patient were died. Among this entire 65 patient, 21 patients have raise CRP level, 14 have raised IL -6 Level among them all 26 were have raised D-Dimer . Conclusion-Our study showed that high level of D-Dimer, IL-6 and CRP was independent risk factors for assessing the severity of COVID-19. IL-6 played a determiningrole in the severity of SARS-COV2 and had a potential value for monitoring the process of severe cases.
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The internet or net as it is known today has become an essential part of our living experience. Most industries operations have been drastically altered by the internet. Because of the increasing use of the internet among the audience, the Indian entertainment sectorhas seen significant changes in its operations. Gone are the times when we had to wait a week to catch up on the latest episode of our favourite television series or look forward to blockbuster movies being shown on large screens. Consumers increasingly becoming well-versed in the new technology and the customization and personalization of products and streaming services this technology provides,are the reasons for the surge in the usage of OTT platforms--Platforms for online video content screening and streaming--and therefore preferring it over the traditional television/cable system. The future of these OTT platforms is even assuring as these online services are being made more accessible by the internet's availability.Also, with the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI), OTT platforms are able to optimize their delivery as they can learn about their customers preferences and hence give a user rice experience. This review paper will attempt to explore the rise of these OTT platforms, factors influencing their success, how Covid played an important role in its growth andtheir future.
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Sanitization having a Lion Share of Attention on a Global dais in all the three-time zone Pre-COVID, COVOID, and Post-COVID is a matter of concern, especially for countries, which in the pre-era were striving hard to achieve it. Indian Government knitting the Spheris of Central and State Government has in the recent past shown bend towards the burning issue of Municipal Solid Waste Management. The Government had launched the schemes Swatch Bharat Mission, and it has been successful but is still on the backstage of its optimal potential as the basic motor of planning, i.e., “Master Plan” is missing in tier II and III cities when it comes to execution of such schemes. An attempt has been made in this paper to prepare a comprehensive plan for Dehradun city of Uttarakhand named “Solid waste Management Master Plan for Dehradun City 2041”. The following study will provide a complete spectrum approach towards the management of each component of Municipal Solid Waste Management of the city, including Waste Generation, Collection, Transportation, Treatment, and Disposal. Also, a service Level Benchmarking of both the Existing and Proposed System has been done to quantify the Output of the proposals and recommendations in the Existing System. Software such as GIS, GPS, and Remote Sensing is used in the study and has given an extra edge of Real-time and locational management for the Waste Management system of Dehradun until 2041. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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IntroductionThe paper presents the results of one international study due by our team in the period of restrictions imposed by Covid-19, between March and June 2020.ObjectivesTo inform the population about the risks concerning the excessiv use of internet To prevent the effects of those behaviors which affects the global functioning of individualsMethodsQuestionnaire applied to a number of 549 subjects, 18 to 60 years old, 217 from Romania and 332 from other European and Asian countriesResultsThe results allowed us to verify the assumption that there is a change in communications needs of individuals, as well gender and age differences in terms of time spent on the internet during the covid period.ConclusionsThe issue of psycho-education regarding the awareness of dangers and the traps of the virtual era remain relevant.
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Ethical principle consists of ethics. Ethics plays an important role and have impact on individual and their lives. Whistle blowing is an important situation which has direct impact on ethics in IT. The problem raises moral queries and has social and economic implications. Organizations implement codes of ethics within their policies that highlight the moral responsibilities of users in the use of knowledge technology. Company's name can be shielded and increase worker engagement by making a work wherever moral conduct is that the norm. COVID-19 has incontestable the impotency of current technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic has raised a bunch of moral challenges;however key among these has been the chance that health care systems may have to be compelled to ration scarce essential care resources. World Health Organization (WHO) has established a global unit on Ethics and COVID-19 so as to develop recommendation on key moral queries that Member States have to be compelled to address.
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Aims & Objectives: The worldwide SARSCoV2 pandemic can lead to either respiratory infection or isolation due to containment zones that produce a significant impact on chronic diseases such as inherited bleeding disorders-Haemophilia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of COVID19 pandemic on patients with Haemophilia, regarding their psychosocial issues and financial concerns. Patients/Materials & Methods: A survey evaluating the impact of COVID19 pandemic on psychosocial health of people with Haemophilia was done. A questionnaire was developed for the survey that was taken up by 70 out of 100 new patients attending the Haemophilia day care center, Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi during a two-month period from 1-6-2020 to 31-7-2020. The survey included information on demographic and clinical data, needs, psychosocial issues, financial concerns and experiences regarding medical care during COVID19 pandemic. Results: In total, 73 patients with Haemophilia completed the survey (73% response rate). Most patients suffered from Haemophilia A (73%) while the others had Haemophilia B (37%). 85% of the patients had psychosocial concerns which included insecurity regarding accessibility of factors in case of bleeding episodes, support and availability of the Haemophilia center personnel for assistance. Patients were also anxious and frustrated about regular drug production and supply. 68% of the patients had financial concerns which not only involved the fear of decreased earning hands in the family due to pandemic but mainly involved the fear of inaccessibility of appointments and cost-free factors in the government hospitals that have got converted into designated COVID centers. 74% of the patients had social concerns regarding the containment-associated isolation zones due to which the patients were not able to freely avail the medical services as and when required. Discussion & Conclusion: The corona virus pandemic has impact on patients with bleeding disorders such as Haemophilia in terms of thoughts and worries related to their underlying disease, accessibility and availability of affordable medical care and feelings caused by the coronavirus pandemic in general. Also, caregivers of these patients are equally concerned. Counselling and reassurance about COVID19 awareness and precautions among Haemophilia patients may reduce their worries and concerns. Because longterm effects of the pandemic on psychosocial health and financial burden on these patients are unknown, they should be examined in the followup.
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COVID-19 or SARS CoV-2 is a worldwide public health emergency. The first case of COVID-19 was described in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 and within a short time the infection had spread quickly to the rest of China and then the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on patients who do not have COVID-19 but other diseases like cancer, diabetes, and many more non-communicable diseases;their care is compromised because of the pandemic. COVID-19 also poses a work-related health risk for healthcare workers who are treating patients with COVID-19, and many have themselves become infected. Healthcare workers involved in diagnosing and treating patients with COVID-19 should be evaluated for stress, anxiety and depression.